Adjustable Gastric Banding (AGB) has been performed to treat morbid obesity since the 1990’s. Various scientific studies, following patients who have had AGB, have proven that this procedure is safe and effective in addressing morbid obesity when performed by a skilled surgeon. Based on these results the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the Lap-Band, in June 2001.  In September 2007, a competing product, Realize band, was also approved for use in the USA. To date, neither product has been shown to be clearly superior to the other.

In adjustable gastric banding a silicone band lined with an inflatable balloon is wrapped around the upper part of the stomach, to create an hourglass shaped stomach; it produces a small stomach pouch with a narrow outlet.  The balloon is connected to a port that is placed under the skin of the abdomen through which the diameter of the band can be adjusted.  Inflation of the balloon tightens the band, narrows the outlet and thereby increases weight loss.  Deflation of the balloon loosens the band, increases the size of the outlet, and reduces weight loss.

The AGB operation works by reducing food intake when the feeling of hunger arises.  For successful outcomes following AGB, it is essential that patients follow up regularly with their surgeon to have the band adjusted.  Without regular adjustment, the weight loss may halt and/or reverse.  As with all weight loss operations, patients with AGB are required to adhere to simple and straightforward life style changes.

Excess weight loss with the AGB is lower than that with the gastric bypass procedure, typically about 50-55% of extra weight at 5 years.  Some studies have documented weight loss equal to the gastric bypass with fewer complications.

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